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and untrust affected the solidarity of his kingdom, produced fundamental weaknesses; which sowed the seeds of conflict into the soil of the kingmdom. The result being that at last, the Sadu Zai dynasty lost the throne; and great personages and importance deserted the. In the third aricle of this period of history, we had mentioned that prior to the death of King Timour Shah, the Elders of the clans-impelled notably by such towering personalities as Sirdar Payunda Khan-who were sincere lovers of the power and prosperity of their country; it was resolved to set on the throne Zaman Shah, who possessed the qualities of rulership as compared to the other twentyone sons of Timour Shah. Inspite of it all, Zaman Shah was not able to rule in peace. His brothers, like Humayun and Mahmud made all possible efforts to secure the throne. In any case, the per- iod of rule of Zaman Shah, as the rule of the Third Sadu Zai king, had a historical importance. The real imprtance of it is constituted by the Afghan king's battles against the foreigners. The time was, when the foreigners from the west countries especially from France, England and Russia were out to introduce their influence in India, Their approximation to the Indian continent, the Persian Gulf, str- ted a disturbance in the east, such as in Persia, Mesopotamia and in the neighbouring countries of Afghanistan: so that matters of conflict extended their tentacles in all directions. Zaman Shah was to a certain degree aware of these movements, and desired to take advantage of the circumstances fo the benefit of his own country, so that he wished that in the interior of the country fuedal difficul- ties may be removed; and as an external policy he could push his efforts to the extent of the conquests of his grandsire, Ahmed Shah Durrani in India. There is no doubt that of the two above mentioned problems, the first one: namely the quilling of the internal discord was the more important, But although 'the intenal peace was the more desi- rblae in equal measure it was riddled with difficulties.