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of events produced its reaction. Secret societies were born against the
king and his thoughts. Ultimately five persons constituted
a committee in relation the election of the king and his inf
luence and power, so that the importance should always remain
in the hands of the elders of the people. This commitee resolved
to dethrone the king, to kill Rahmat Ullah Khan and to
elect Shah Shuja for the throne of Afghanistan. This secret, ho-
ewever, could not remain hidden from the informers of the king's
favourite-Rahmat Ullah Khan-so these secrets reached his ears from
the lips of the members of the committee itself.
Zaman Shah, first of all considered his own personal safety,
and changed his Royal Guards; and by giving money, gifts bes
towing favours of sorts, captured the friendsip of some of the
people and their leaders. But by various dubious ways, surrounded
them one by one-one of them being Pyanda Khan-he managed
to have then assassinated by calling them for consultation as
ruse. Payanda Khan was one of the great leaders of his people
whose co.operation had steadied the work of administiation: and thus
as soon as he fell a victim of his rivals at the hands of the king
in the country arose those facts fo high tradegy which lasted til
Second Anglo-Afghan Wars: during times, Great damage was done
to the intrests of the country and the nation.
THE SUCCES AND FAILURE OF ZAMAN SHAH.
FOURTH ARTICE
The period of reign of Zaman Shah is an admixture of
events both successful and of failure. His success was notably in
the realm of those battles which he fought against the foreigners.
His failure, was largely due to the personal interests of his Courti-
er, inter-tribal animosities, and inter-clan discords. His ideas were
sound enough, so far as they went, but in carrying on those pro-
jects, his ooubts and prejudices against the Elders of the Clans,
prevented their successful conclusion. In the first instance, the co-
operation and help of the Elders of the clans, might not have
appeared to him as significant, but in the last analysis, such doubts
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