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-13- In solving the internal difficulties, however, unfortunately impedements arose from the very first step; and as time progressed they continued to increase in magnitude. Regarding the mistake of Zaman Shah, we have already made a mention in the third article; that is to say how the Elder of the people Payanda Khan, as one of the Sirdars, had been angered due to the appointment of Rahmat Ullah Khan-Sadu Zai-and Wafadar Khan's appointment as the Minister of the Realm). Wafadar Khan, as may be recalled was the title bestowed upon Rahmat Khan, by Zaman Shah. Also, as in consequence of the intrigue from the Favorite of the King Payanda Khan and other leaders had been assassinated. In addition to this animosity towards the Barakzais came into being. Not only this but the opposition of the brothers of the king, especially that of Mahamud, and an other group this fire was further fanned into flames. Few will doubt the fact that Wafadar Khan was in tune with the wishes and views of his master; an dit was, therefore, possible that due to the confusion that had arisen, the king was able to bring he Punjab into the orbit of his realm; by virtue of which he had placed Ranjit Sinjit Singh as his governor in the Punjab; that is in Lahore as a representative of the kingdom of the Durrani crown. Opposition to Zaman Shah, however, in the interior of the country, from his brothers, continued to increase since it began in the beginning of his rule. Mahmud, who had been quietened, once again raised the standard of descension and was actively on the war path. The antagonism of the Barak Zais was per onified by Fateh Khan. These domestic intransigencies and feelind of disquiet of clansmen encourage the hopes of the foreign elements towards matters in Afghanistan. The creeping up of the English to the northern reaches of India, induced Ranjit Singh to actions of disloyalty and self-assertion. In the western regions, the Qachar kings of Persia gave lands and property at Tar Shaiz to Mahmud; for Aqa Mohamed Khan and Fateh Ali Shah had an eye on Khorasan; not only this, but the Afghan prince was incited to inrode the more into the Afghan territory. Zaman Shah's difficulties sprang up periodically, and without any desire from the king himself, some times from the direction of Lahore whilst the similiar disturbance arose from the