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157 unrighteous war beyond the boundaries of India, shedding the blood, and interfering with the independence of a people with whom we had not a pretext of quarrel.......The terrible Afghan expedition made an indelible impression on the minds of the Afghans. It is certainly true that so far as the military honour and reputation of England is concerned, these were speedily reasserted and vindicated, but it was impossible for the Indian Government to win the confidence of the Afghans". Dost Mohammad reigned till 1863, and during these twenty years he was able to establish peace throughout the country. He died at Herat, thirteen days after the capture of the city, and was succeeded by his third son, Sher Ali Khan. Amir Sher Ali Khan: His elder brothers, Afzal Khan and Azam Khan, rose against him and for five years the Amir led a life of extraordinary vicissitude—now an outcast flying for his life, now a ruler in a solitary outlying province, now the de facto ruler of the greater part of the country. At last, in 1868, he was able to establish his authority throughout Afghanistan. The British, meanwhile, in pursuance of their Forward Policy, were moving slowly ahead into the tribal area bordering Afghanistan. Advocates of this policy wished to see Afghanistan absorbed within the British Indian Empire. In 1874, the For- ward Policy gained the upper hand, and a series of negotiations with Sher Ali Khan ensued during the following years. Finally, when the British saw that they could not achieve their object by peaceful means, they resorted to force and declared war on the Amir. Late in 1878, the British once more invaded Afghanistan. This was the beginning of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878- 1881).