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- 66 - frontier of artificial character, their real intention being that discord might be produced in Afghanistan, and thus gradually to annex Quetta, Kandhár, Kabul and Herat into their Indian possessions. This was the secret intention of those who belonged to the Forward Policy School. The other later known as the Sindh School was composed of those British officers, who had served in the Punjab, and they were syled by their kind as the Defenders of the Road. They were wedded to the Close Border Policy. Their views were that the frontier should be considered as being on the line drawn at the river Abasin or the lene along the mountains; and not a single step may be taken westward beyond that line. This School was some times called the Punjan School as well. When the English, therefore, advanced from the Ganges basin to the banks of the Indus river; and half of north India came entirely under their imprial rule; the necessity was purgent to produce a boundry line from among the plans of the two schools. One of the three solutions were to be projected. The line should run along the river Abasin. Secondly that the line should run along the mountains of Sulaiman Koh and Katasr Chur. The third proposal that the line should be the heart of Afghanistan, that to say the Hindu Kush Range. Prior to our studying these three proposals; let us consider as to what regions the En glish penetration had arrived. The English proded Ranjit Singh to war against the Afghans, so that the Sikh ruler might weeken the power of the Barakzais and the Saduzais. By this manipulation, it was thought to serve the best interests of the English. The Maharaja was allowed the rule, but as soon as the Sikh died, the English hand immediately grabbed his territoty, so that seven years after Ranjit's death the province of Sindh was taken, and within ten the entire Punjab annexed into the British territory. The annexation of the Punjab was completed in the year 1849, A. D. and then they cosidered that their frontier boundry line westward ran along the right bank of the river Indus and along the western ranges of the mountains of the tribes. This boundry line, which the English considered as their inheritance from