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the curriculum for third and fourth year
students of the faculties of science and
literature intending to take up teaching.
Among the specialised subjects dealt with
are general psychology; sociology, the
psychology of youth and educational
psychology; modern Afghanistan and its
educational problems; the curriculum in
secondary schools; administration and
guidance; principles of teaching; labora-
tory work connected with teaching.
(vi) Activities in leisure time.
200 women teachers took part in a
course held out of school hours wherein
instruction was given in English, drama
for children, and methods of teaching
mathematics.
(vii) Graduate Courses.
Last year the Ministry of Education
advised the University of Kabul to initiate
a programme of postgraduate studies for
teachers who were graduates of the
faculties of science and literature. The
Institute devised the programme and it
was approved by the University. Now
graduates of the aforementioned faculties
after a further year's training in educa-
tion are awarded an M.A. or M.Sc.
degree. For teachers who completed their
B.A. course prior to the establishment of
the postgraduate course, the period of
study has been extended to two years
for the M.A. degree. To make it possible
for teachers to work for this advanced
degree night classes were arranged, be-
ginning in April, 1959. The subjects
taught in the first year are: (i) secondary
education and a survey of modern
Afghanistan, (ii) the system of education,
including general and individual teaching
methods and observation based on ex-
perience, (iii) principles of education,
including sociology, psychology and their
relation to education, (iv) science in the
modern world and (v) English language.
Second year subjects include (i) progres-
sive methods of teaching science, social
science, language and mathematics, (ii)
the mechanics of teaching, including tests,
guidance and research into individual
differences, (iii) the continuation of the
principles of education including books,
research and culture, (iv) Islamic culture
and education, (v) the modern world and
its demands for education and (vi) the
continuation of English language.
(viii) Teaching Apparatus.
a. The English language section of the
Institute is responsible for compiling
books teaching English to Afghans. So
far the first three books of a series of six
entitled "English for Afghans" have
been published.
b. The Publishing Section takes care of
the printing and distribution of vocational
books. 75 books in 8,000 volumes have
been published in English, Pashtu and
Persian, of which those in Pashtu and
Persian written for children are outstand-
ing. The Institute also puts out a
monthly magazine in which specialists
write articles on educational subjects. The
object of these magazines which are dis-
tributed free to all the schools in the
country, is to further the knowledge of
teachers in specialised fields.
c. The Equipment Section of the
Institute has undertaken the preparation
of those items, which may be collectively
described as educational aids, such as
globes, models, chart-making equipment,
white and coloured chalk, and children's
free activity apparatus in wood and
leather. The Section is also making slide
projectors that use the rays of the sun,
and this is expected to be of particular
importance in areas where there is no
electricity.
d. The Library. At this moment the
Institute has a library of more than 6,000
books in English, Pashtu, Persian and
Arabic. Most of these books are con-
nected with education.
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Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting. How this was measured.