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287 /j/ as in "jill" /r/ as in "rill" /y/ as in "yell" /s/ as in "shell" /z/ as in "pleasure" /k/ as in "kill" /g/ as in "gill" /ng/ as in "fling" /g/ (see below) /x/ (see below) /q/ (see below) There are also four diphthongs as follows : /ai/ (not in English) /au/ as in "pound" /aui/ as in "poison" /aui/ as in "pie" The following are some hints in pronouncing some of the above sounds which are slightly or completely different from those in English. /t/ /d/ and /n/ are made by placing the tip of the tongue behind the upper teeth, not on the upper gum ridge as in English. /l/ is made with the top part of the tongue closer to the roof of the mouth than it is in English. /r/ is pronounced by trilling the tip of the tongue. /ng/ is made like the English in "sang", but the final "g" is also pronounced. /x/ is like the sound one makes in clearing the upper part of the throat. /g/ is made like /x/ but also has voice from the throat. /q/ is a backward /k/ made by pressing the back part of the tongue against the back part of the palate, and then releasing a small explosion of air. The stressed parts of words and phrases will be underlined. GREETING AND COMMON EXPRESSIONS : "Hello" salom olekum "Are you well?" xub asti? "How are you?" ci tor asti? "How is your health" ci yol dauri? Responses to these greetings are : "Be alive" zinda bausi "Be in peace" salaumat bausi