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133 bedding, and all other necessary expenses of the students are borne by the State. The Afghan Government, within the limits of its resources, is steadily encouraging the educational advancement of the people and devotes about 20% of its total revenue to education. Of course, lack of trained teachers is at present detrimental to rapid progress in this line. It has been estimated that no less than 30,000 trained teachers are required for universal elementary education. The present Teachers' Training Schools and Colleges produce from 150 to 200 teachers a year. Today, more than fifty per cent of the persons in the teaching profession are untrained. Even assuming a high degree of natural aptitude and devotion to work, lack of technical training is a bar to complete efficiency. Elementary schools in Afghanistan have six grades. Secondary education also covers a period of six years. After twelve successful years in the public schools, a student is allowed to join one of the colleges (called Faculties). There are at present nine degree colleges affiliated with a Kabul University, viz., the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Letters, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Civil Service, Faculty of Theology, and Faculty for Girls. In addition to these, there is an "Institute of Education", which is also attached to the University. This Institute is supervised by Afghan teachers assisted by specialists from Columbia University. In addition, there is also a Medical School, a Military School, a Military College, a Commercial School, two Technical Institutes, a School for Mechanical Crafts, a School for Carpentry, Tailoring and Fine Arts, schools for adults, both men and women, School for Islamic Studies, a School for Nurses, and a School of Agriculture.