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214 until it reaches Kala-i-Jadid (the New Fort), facing New Chaman, a terminus of the North-Western Railway. Here passports and luggage are examined. Recently a new road was completed between Kandahar and Kala-i-Jadid. This road is broad and well-laid out, and the distance can now be easily covered within two hours by car. (7) Kandahar to Herat (distance 407 miles): Herat the western most province of Afghanistan, is reached from Kandahar by way of Grishk, Farah and Sabzawar (or Sheen Dand). The road for the most part runs over a level but sandy plain; water is generally scarce. (1) Kandahar to Grishk (75 miles): The road is generally level. Grishk lies at the distance of a mile on the right bank of the Helmund. The Helmund or Etamandros of the classical writers is the largest inland river of Afganistan. Numerous ruined cities and forts are to be a seen all along the banks of the river, Bust and Lashkargah being the most important of these. Six miles from Kandahar the river Arghandab is crossed. Mid- way between Grishk and Kandahar, a few miles north of the present road, lies the historic plain of Maiwand. There are some charming gardens and orchards along the banks of the Helmund. Villages are numerous and every one is a thriving centre. The pasturage, too, is rich and abundant, and the agricultural capacity of the Zamindawar lands (70 miles north of Grishk along the Helmund) is well-known. The Helmund, like most of the rivers of Afghanistan, has a seasonal flow. During early spring it rises in flood with the melting of the snow, and often attains a breadth of more than a mile. Recently the Afghan Government, with a view to