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-78- that their important men were killed, their army was destroyed, Shahshuja was thrown out, and the prestige of the British was cast to the dust and disgrace, and those who had driven Amir Dost Mohamed Khan from his country, had to bring him back to his throne with the same grandeur and honour as before and to place him on the throne of Afghanistan. Furthermore, that pact which had been projected in 1837. A. D. was once again revived in 1855, A.D. and 1857. A.D. During the years when the Russians found a footing in Central Asia and came nearer the northern borders of Afghanistan, the English made their position stronger in the Punjab. John Lawrence, the governor of the Punjab, the advocate of the Back to the Indus Policy, who considered the natural boundry to be the Indus river returned to India as a Viceroy. Between these two there was an affinity of thought. In the like manner Lord Mayo too agreed with the Amir, but with the appointment of Lord Northbrook as a Viceroy (who belonged to the Forward Policy )- whatever effort was Amir Shair Ali Khan made regarding an agree- ment with the English against the Russians, no attention was paid to his proposals, even the promise to give help in case of Russian aggressive was not given. Amir Shair Ali Khan's desire to offi- cially acknowledge Sirdar Abdullah Khan as heir was also opposed and due to a regrettable lack of appreciation of the opportunity on the part of the Viceroy and his English statesment the Amir of Afghanistan was compelled to turn his face away from the English and to incline himself towards the Russians. The Russian represen- tative at Kabul had, therefore, to be received by the king of Afghanis- tan. This favourable attitude of the Afghan king towards the Rus- sians,quite naturally displeased the English,and made them realise their own mistakes, and they began to have doubts about the Afghan monarch. After that Silya Sabri and Lytton occupied the viceroyalty of India respectively and arrived at Simla. Lord Lytton had come with instructions from England saying that at whatever cost possible, he was to win back the king of the Afghans and his rightful heir, and to fall in with their views. But once again the matter slipped out of their hands, for the Afghan King of such enlightment and a man of such stout purpose, could not over throw all his engagements with the Russians, and to expel the Russian represen- tative from Kabul and to receive the English Agent in his stead. This