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not appreciate the fact that although there was a clear similiarity
between his desires and that which his grandfather had wished and
had achieved the place and time had no similiarity.
The lack of appreciation of this fact, and the taking of a new
route produced failure for his efforts not only in Indian expedi-
tions , but also contributed-as fundamental reasons-to his fall at home.
At whatever time Ahmed Shah Durrani attacked India , he pro-
ceded whereever he wanted to go. But Zaman Shah inspite of
the fact that the Punjab formed a part of his realm , that is of
Saduzai dynasty , and that Zaman Shah actually reached Lahore
several times ; he could not take a single step forward beyond
Lahore. The troops of the East India Company , who had been
based in India had found that the defeat of the Marahttas at the hands
of the Afghans , and the Battles of Panipat had cleared the road
for their march north-west of India : they , thereore , skirting the
Ganges basin came forward and were playing with the then
conditions in the Punjab .
It is related that the Directors of the East India Company ,
and especially those who were conducting the penetration policy
of imperialism in regards to India, were excercised in mind on account
of Napoleon's interest in India on one side , and of the
interest shown by the Czars of Russia on the other . These points
are certainly true . But these fears were born in the minds of
the Directors of the East India Company after 1799. A. D. for
they had been watching attentively from their distant base at
Calcutta,that their first and immediate danger was the progress of Zaman
Shah , the Sadu zai king of Afghanistan . They noted that every
year at least once , the fighting men from the Tirah hills , Safaid
Koh and the Khyber area together with the Afghan troops , the
king marched up to Lahore , as the last frontier town of his king-
dom , and cast upon thh whole of India an ominous shadow .
Lord Wellesley , the English Governor , who was in Indian
the Agent of the East India Company , soon appreciated the fact
that when an Afghan king ruled in the Afghan areas-areas that
included the eastern and south-eastern portions of north India-it
Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting. How this was measured.