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Aid from U.N.I.C.E.F. has been entirely used for the purchase of D.D.T., powdered milk, soap, medicines, etc. The Government paid their share for membership in the various specialised agencies, as well as a sum of 2,561,763 Afghanis, $4,400, £1,500, and 5,000 Pakistani Rupees for the administrative expenses of U.N.T.A.B. Another sum of 3,456,000 Afghanis was also paid by the Government for the local expenses of the United Nations specialists. In 1958 the United Nations Organisation arranged the establishment of a special fund to give assistance in the developmental projects of the underdeveloped countries. Afghanistan accepted membership of the Fund and undertook to pay the $6,000 annual fees. Two requests have been made to the Fund for their assistance— (a) in the preparation of population and agricultural statistics in 1960, and (b) in the survey of water resources and agricultural land. The United Nations Organisation also set up an organisation for international administrative services (O.P.E.X.). This new organisation places its specialists at the disposal of governments as executive officials and not as advisers. Afghanistan requested eleven such officials for the departments of population, statistics, agriculture, planning, communications and mines and industries. But as the organisation is new the responsibilities of these executive officials have not yet been clearly defined, and they enjoy diplomatic immunity, in spite of having complete executive authority in Government departments. It seems to be wrong from the viewpoint of public administration principles to hold an office and exercise complete authority, and yet not be responsible. Afghanistan has therefore made her request for help from this organisation conditional on the responsi- bility of its administrators to the Afghan Government. B. I.C.A. The technical assistance rendered to Afghanistan by the International Co-operation Administration of America in the year 1958 amounted to $2,850,000, which was made up as follows :— $ 1. For agricultural projects ... 279,000 2. For mineral and industrial projects ... 190,000 3. For communication projects : Road improvements $32,000 Transportation ... 307,000 Transit project ... 22,000 361,000 4. Public Health ... 5,000 5. H.V.A. ... 76,000 6. For Educational projects: Institute of Technology $127,000 School of Agriculture 96,000 Institute of Education 462,000 Faculty of Agriculture & Engineering 335,000 Kabul University... 55,000 1,075,000 7. For Public Administration... 79,000 8. For other projects ... 785,000 Grand Total $2,850,000 Assistance from an I.C.A. Special Fund to Afghanistan amounted to $23,743,000, for the following projects :— $ Agricultural projects ... 50,000 Road improvement ... 175,000 Civil aviation ... 175,000 Transit ... 18,993,000 Public health (H.V.A.) ... 100,000 Aerial photography ... 1,150,000 102