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of fellowships to Afghan candidates and provided a number of experts to work on agricultural statistics, mechanisation of farming, and pharmacology, meteorology and engineering. Further five French experts are engaged in studying radio-active material in Afghanistan. The Government of Japan has granted a number of fellowships in the fields of water supply, ceramics and sericulture and provided two experts to survey industries in Afghanistan. But an agreement for technical assistance with Japan has not been completed to date. EDUCATION CHANGES IN TEACHING PROGRAMMES: Primary Education: In order to vitalize and bring up to date the curricula in primary schools, the Ministry of Education has revised the programmes and special efforts have been made during the fourth year of the Plan to develop the talents of school children in various handicrafts so that they might become useful members of society in a practical way and add to the national economic progress. It was necessary to take into account the conditions and requirements of the local environment, and much attention was paid to the teaching of a particular handicraft in a particular school to meet the requirements of the people. Handicrafts such as carpentry, weaving, tailoring, carpet-making, lapidary, chalk-making, and furniture-making, were introduced by the Ministry of Education in 24 schools. Owing to the fact that agriculture plays the most important rôle in the life of the people throughout the country, the teaching of agriculture and horticulture was also introduced to a number of schools during the fourth year of the Plan. This will enable students to reinforce farming manpower, on the one hand, and familiarize their rural communities with modern techniques of farming on the other. The Ministry supplied the schools with farming implements, seeds, and audio-visual media. Further, two mobile cinema units belonging to the Ministry are always on the move to various parts of the country showing films on agriculture, public hygiene and community development in order to give both students and parents an idea of how to improve their ways of life. The supplementary books prepared by the Institute of Education have also proved very valuable in this respect. Inter-School and Community Relation-ship: The improving relationship between the school and students' parents has brought about great results. The participation of parents in school meet-ings and ceremonies has created a pleasant atmosphere in all schools with the result that some parents are volunteer-ing to bear the cost of the construction of an annex or to donate a considerable sum for the purchase of teaching material or a piece of land to build a new school on. Developing the Mental Capacity of Representatives of both men and women teachers with the Prime Minister. 10