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still expected that the mountain tribes would be able to check his advance towards India. But the tribes had no sympathies either with the Mughals or with the Persians. They were only looking forward to the day when they would be able to throw off the foreign yoke. They there-fore, decided to keep aloof and watch the course of events from a distance. The Mughals soon learnt with dismay that Nadir had crossed the passes and was successful in throwing a bridge across the Indus.
Nadir did not meet any effective resistance until he reached the Jamna. His progress was rapid, and the governors on the way tendered their submission without resistance. Mohammed Shah, the Mughal Emperor, was at last obliged to check the advance of the invading force. He came out of Delhi at the head of a large army. The two armies came face to face at Karnal, twenty miles north of Panipat, on the fateful morning of the 24th February, 1739. The Indians, torn by mutual jealousies, were no match for the hardy and experienced soldiers led by Nadir in person. It was all over within a few hours. The Mughal army were completely routed; Khan
Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting. How this was measured.