{"book":"adl1181","page":67,"text":"Ortispana or Kapura was the name given\nto the present Kabul, the inhabitants of\nwhich \"Ptolemy\" called \"Kabulti\". When\nAlexander arrived in the valley of Kabul, he\nat once left for Kapisia (Kohidaman) without\nmaking a halt. Why he did not stay at\nKabul is not clear. The city was inhabited\nin the Greek era. \"Strabon\" called it\nOrtispana, situated where the commercial\nroutes towards Bactria, Arakozia and India\ncrossed. After the death of Alexander\nthe Greeco-Bactrian Empire was set up\nin Bactria (Palkh), after which the great\nempire of the \"Koshani\" dynasty was\nestablished. Through all those periods Kabul\nwas a trade centre. When the Koshani\ndynasty became weak and the Kingdom of the\nSeto-Parts was established in Afghanistan,\nthough the change was not without effect on\nthe city, Kabul did not lose its commercial\nposition.\n\nWhen the reign of Khord-Koshanis\nwas once again restored in Kabul and the\nKabul-Shahan (Kings of Kabul) wanted to\nreestablish their relations with other nations,\nthe Arab invasions began. It was 28 or\n38 A.H. (about 649 or 659 A.D.) when the\nMuslim Arabs under the command of Abdul\nRahman bin Samrah bin Habib-el-Qarshi\n\n-5-","chars":1157,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl1181/00067.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":77,"title":"Khvush āmadīd bih Kābul = : Welcome to Kabul خوش آمديد به کابل","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl1181/67","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl1181/canvas/67","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl1181/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl1181_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}