{"book":"adl1171","page":8,"text":"مقدمه\n\nدو هزار و پنجصد سال قبل کنار نقطه ئی که آبهای\nخروشان غوربند - پنجشیر - شتل بهم مخلوط میشوند قصبهٔ\nكوچك و مستحکمی داشتیم که نامش با دفاع حملات داریوش\nو اسكندر توام است . این شهر از قدیمیترین بلاد «آریانا» بوده\nباموقعیت ممتازی که روی سرك هند - اراكوزی و باختر\nداشت همیشه واجد مرکزیت مهم بود . در زمان اسکندر\nو شاهان مستقل یونانی باختر حاکم نشین ولایت «پاروپامیزاد»\nو در دورهٔ شاهان یونانی جنوب هند و کوه مرکز سلطنت\nکابلستان بشمار میرفت . با کوشانی ها اهمیت آن بیشتر شده\nپایتخت بهاری امپراطوری بزرگ کوشان گردید . همین طور\nدر زمان هیاطله و دیگر عناصر ترك و مغل تا اواخر قرن ۷ مسیحی\nمرکزیت خود را از دست نداده بنام کاپیسا مرکز سلطنتی بود\nکه قلمرو آن تا «تاگزیلا» انبساط داشت . به این ترتیب\nاین شهر بنام : ـ کی پن ـ جایاپورا ـ نيكايا ـ کاپیسا ـ بگرام ـ","chars":753,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl1171/00008.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":131,"title":"Bagrām بگرام","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl1171/8","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl1171/canvas/8","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl1171/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl1171_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}