{"book":"adl0999","page":24,"text":"۲۱\nمُذكّر وَمُؤَنّث\nدر افغانی برخلاف فارسی فرق مذکر و مؤنث میباشد . مثلاً\nدر فارسی اگر گفته شود (آمد) معلوم نمیشود که مرد آمد یا زن ! در افغانی\nبرای مرد (راغَی) و برای زن (راغْلَه) گفته میشود، این\nاز وسعت زبان افغانی است که مانند عربی دارای تذکیر و تأنیث است.\nدر اسماء ذیروح مذکر و مؤنث آن بسهولت فهمیده میشود. البته در غیر ذیروح\nاشکالی برای غیر اهل زبان پیدا میشود، مگر برای مؤنث علامه مقرر است\nکه از ان شناخته میشود (تفصیل آن در کتاب صرف و نحو توضیح شده)\nدرینجا مختصراً بیان میشود: اسم مذکر علامه ندارد. علامات مؤنث ذیلاً میباشد:\n۱- در آخر هر اسم که (ی) باشد و ماقبل آن (مزورکی) باشد.\nچون : خولَی (کلاه) بَگْرَی (دستار) مِشْوَانَی (دوات)\nدُودَی (نان) تَبَی (تاوه گلی)\n۲- در آخر هر اسم که (ه) باشد. چون : توره (شمشیر)\nچاړه (کارد) سْتَرْگَه (چشم) پَزَه (بینی) مَځْکَه (زمین)","chars":774,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0999/00024.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":145,"title":"Puṣhto zhabah : lumṛay ṭok پښتو ژبه : لومړى توك","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0999/24","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0999/canvas/24","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0999/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0999_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}