{"book":"adl0980","page":69,"text":"A view of the historic citadel of Balahissar.\n\n(Sadozais) and the Barakzais (Moham-\nmedzais) ensued, which resulted in the\nfurther expansion of Ranjit Singh's\nterritories and the eventual disappearance\nof the Afghan Empire in India. Dost\nMohammad Khan Barakzai established\nhimself as the King in Kabul, Ghazni,\nJalalabad and Herat.\nIn 1832 the British Government sent an\nenvoy, Sir Alexander Burnes, to Kabul.\nHis mission was \"to survey possible routes\nof advance towards India and to test the\nfriendships the British might form in the\nregion\". In 1836, he went there again,\nthis time to the court of Amir Dost\nMohammed Khan, on a \"commercial\nmission\", shortly to be followed by a\nmilitary expedition, and Shah Shuja who\nwas installed as a puppet king. The main\nbody of the expeditionary force, faced\nwith unfavourable circumstances, retreated\ninto India in 1841 leaving a garrison,\nseveral thousands strong behind to protect\nShah Shuja and the British envoys Sir\nWilliam MacNaughton and Sir Alexander\nBurnes.\nShah Shuja, who had made himself\nextremely unpopular, found the whole\nnation in revolt against him. The British\nforces lent him support against the\nnationalists which resulted in the loss of\nhis life and that of Burnes. This event is\ndescribed in the annals of British military\nhistory as \"an ill-fated expedition that\nvainly cost the English an army and Shah\nShuja his life\". This is what is known as\nthe First Anglo-Afghan War.\nThe ensuing reign, for the second time,\n\nof Dost Mohammed Khan had nothing\nhistorically important about it. He was\nsucceeded by his son, Amir Sher Ali\nKhan, who attempted to reform the\nAfghan Army and bring about better\nsocial conditions. He refused to allow\nBritish agencies to be opened in various\nparts of the country. He was invited to\nAmbala for further negotiations, which\nproduced no results. In 1878 the Amir\nreceived a Russian mission upon the\nfailure of his earlier negotiations with the\nBritish. This was considered by the\nBritish to be a hostile act. They sent a\nstrong force against Afghanistan which\noccupied Quetta and the Kurram valley,\nand attacked Kabul from three sides. The\nwar ended in victory for the British and\nSher Ali Khan retreated into Russia\nwhere he died shortly afterwards. The\nTreaty of Gandumak was imposed upon\nhis son Yaqub-Khan. A British resident\nwas also received by him in Kabul.\nHowever, the fall of the same year (1879)\nsaw the Afghan people's attack upon the\nBritish garrison at Kabul in the Second\nAnglo-Afghan War. Yaqub Khan was\ncaptured and sent to live in exile in\nIndia, but his brother Ayoub Khan put\nup a gallant fight at Maiwand, close to\nKandahar.\nAmir Abdurrahman was given the\nleadership of Afghanistan in 1880. He\nsigned a treaty of friendship with the\nBritish Government. Tzarist Russia in\n1885 occupied Panjdeh from Afghanistan.\nA series of internal feuds against the\nAmir's authority in 1888-1892 and\nexternal politico - economic pressure\nbrought to bear upon him, left the Amir\nwith no choice but a diplomatic war with\nthe British, concerning that part of the\nAfghan territory which was taken away\nfrom him — the so-called North-West\nFrontier of India and the territory of\nBaluchistan, known today as Pakhtoon-\nistan.\nHis son, Amir Habibullah, also\naccepted the rule of the British Govern-\nment over the external affairs of Afghan-\n\n66","chars":3334,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0980/00069.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":93,"title":"Afghan progress in the fourth year plan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0980/69","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0980/canvas/69","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0980/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0980_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}