{"book":"adl0970","page":32,"text":"THE HOTAKIS\n\nKandahar is one of the richest provinces of Afghanistan, lying in the south-east corner of the country. During the 16th and 17th centuries it was a bone of contention between the two neighbouring powers—the Saffivids of Persia and the Mughals of India. Its strategical and commercial importance was so great that both of them wanted to incorporate it within their empire. In 1522 Babur took Kandahar from Shah Beg of Urghun family and it remained a part of the Mughal Empire until the death of Humayun, when Shah Tahmasap of Persia, taking advantage of Akbar's minority, cast longing eyes on Kandahar, and finally was able to lay his hands on it. In 1595, Akbar, anxious to regain Kandahar, intrigued with Muzaffar Hussein Mirza, who held the province as a fief of Persia. The conspiracy was crowned with success and the city surrendered to the Mughals. Muzaffar Hussein Mirza, for services rendered, was given an important command in the Mughal army and a piece of land in India. In 1620, after having concluded a peace treaty with Turkey, Shah Abbas of Persia","chars":1074,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0970/00032.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":191,"title":"Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0970/32","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0970/canvas/32","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0970/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0970_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}