{"book":"adl0970","page":23,"text":"X\n\nfriendly relations that existed between his family and the members of the Timur (Tamerlane) dynasty. But so long as Sher Shah was alive, neither Humayun nor the Shah of Persia, could even think of invading India.\n\nSimilarly, Akbar, Humayun's son and successor, had much trouble at the hands of the Afghans. After the fall of Kashmir, he directed his attention against the north-eastern tribes of Afghanistan, who had given him no rest since he came to power. But he met a very stiff resistance from these tribes and the Mughal army more than once was routed after sustaining innumerable losses.\n\nAt the same time Bayazid Ansar, popularly known as Pir Roshan (the Enlightened Saint) and the founder of a sect called Roshanian, took up arms against the Mughals. This was not only an armed conflict but a conflict of ideology as well. Bayazid was able to establish his authority in the hilly districts from the Khyber to the heart of the Sulaiman Range, with an influence over the neighbouring Afghan tribes as well, who looked upon him as their temporal and spiritual leader.","chars":1076,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0970/00023.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":191,"title":"Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0970/23","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0970/canvas/23","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0970/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0970_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}