{"book":"adl0970","page":21,"text":"viii\n\nSur, on whom I have bestowed marks of favour,\nto whom I have given several parganas (pieces of\nland), and whom I left in that quarter, has also\nturned against me and has joined the ranks of\ninsurgents.\"\n\nWhen Babur's son, Humayun came to power,\nhe found that numerous Afghan chiefs had estab-\nlished independent principalities all over Northern\nIndia. Sultan Mahmud Lodi appeared in Bihar\nand had the support of all the old heads of the\nAfghan nobility, such as Biban and Bayazeed.\nBut the most formidable rival of Humayun was\nSher Khan, who looked upon the Mughals with\ngreat contempt, as appears from one of his\nstatements : \"If fortune favours me, I can drive\nthese Mughals, the usurpers, back out of India.\nThey are not our superiors in war or even in\nthe art of administration, but we Afghans let\nslip the power that we had, simply by reason\nof our dissensions. Since I have been among\nthe Mughals, I have observed their conduct,\nand found them lacking in order and dis-\ncipline.\"\n\nA third opponent of Humayun was Alaud Din\nLodi, uncle of Ibrahim Lodi. He was one of","chars":1077,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0970/00021.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":191,"title":"Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0970/21","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0970/canvas/21","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0970/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0970_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}