{"book":"adl0970","page":154,"text":"113\n\nphantom\" haunting the British rulers of India.\nWith him vanished the glorious days of the\nDurrani Dynasty. The country soon after was\ninvolved in anarchy and chaos which lasted for\na quarter of a century, reducing Afghanistan\nfrom a vast empire to a small kingdom.\n\nThe unlucky King survived the loss of his\nsight for nearly half a century, and died at\nlast full of years, but devoid of honours, as\na pensioner of the British Government, at\nLudhiana.\n\nDuring the latter part of his reign Zaman\nShah was confronted with the uprisings of the\nSikhs several times, and he was forced to take up\narms against them.\n\nThe Sikhs, for the most part of Jat origin,\ndwell in the East Panjab. They are, properly\nspeaking, not a race but a religious sect; the\nname itself means \"disciples.\" The religion was\nfounded by Nanak (1469—1539), a native of the\nPunjab. Later it developed in the hands of ten\nsuccessive leaders, called Gurus. Guru Nanak,\nwho was largely inspired by the teachings of\nIslam, was held in great esteem by the Lodhi","chars":1027,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0970/00154.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":191,"title":"Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0970/154","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0970/canvas/154","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0970/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0970_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}