{"book":"adl0970","page":112,"text":"75\n\nwith great speed in face of the surging waves of\nthe Afghans, and on reaching Panipat they dug\ntrenches and took shelter behind them.\n\nThe THIRD BATTLE OF PANIPAT (7th\nJanuary 1761). Ahmad Shah following at the heels\nof the enemy caught them in the vicinity of\nPanipat. Here he found the Marhattas strongly\nentrenched. They had thrown up works round\ntheir camps, encompassed by a broad and deep\nditch, and protected on all sides by a fine artillery.\nThe total strength of the Marhatta force is\nestimated between 300,000 and 500,000. Besides,\nthey had 200 guns, with numerous wall pieces,\nand a great supply of rockets, (a favourable\nMarhatta weapon). A deserted Muslim officer\nfrom the French army, Ibrahim Gardi by name,\nhad also with 9,000 disciplined sepoys come to\ntheir aid. Against this formidable force, Ahmad\nShah had no more than 40,000 Afghans, mostly\nhorsemen. A force of Indian Muslims, estimated\nat 38,000 foot and some 13,000, horse had also\ncome to his help. Of these the Rohilla Afghans\nwere efficient to some extent, while the rest was a\nrabble of Indian foot soldiers, who had come to\nloot either side that lost the war. The Afghans","chars":1154,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0970/00112.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":191,"title":"Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0970/112","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0970/canvas/112","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0970/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0970_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}