{"book":"adl0957","page":75,"text":"52\n\nForest Vegetation\n\nThe forest vegetation of the country is extensive and varied.\nThe main ranges of the Speen Ghar and Asmar (in Nuristan) are\ncovered with dense coniferous forests. There are trees such as\ncedrus deodara, abies excelsa, pinus longifolia, pinus piaster, pinus\npinea (or the edible pine), and larix communis. Besides these,\nyew, hazel, juniper, wild walnut wild peach and almond trees are\nalso frequently met with in these forests. Under the shade of\nthese trees grow several varieties of roses, honeysuckle, currants,\ngooseberries and hawthorns. The wild lemon and vines are also\nvery common. On the secondary heights, adler, ash, Khinjik,\narbor-vitæ, commercial indigo, dwarf laburnum, etc., grow\nextensively. Lower still and down to 3,000 feet, the eye meets\nwild olive, specimens of rock-roses, wild privet, acacia, mimosa,\nbarberry, wild palm and zizypus. Important forest products\nare: timber, resin, charcoal, honey, wax, and pignolia. The\ndense natural forests of Afghanistan stand mainly in the eastern\nand north-western areas. The actual area of these natural\nforests has not been determined so far, although their general\nboundaries are pretty well-known. It has been estimated that\nthese natural forests do not occupy in excess of two-and-a-half\nper cent of the land area of Afghanistan.\n\nIn addition to the dense forests there are certain other\nlands occupied by shrubs and scattered tree growths. These are\nmore extensive and of great importance but do not yield large\nquantities of forest products.\n\nPeople who have made special studies of the flora of\nAfghanistan claim that the dense and scattered forests were once\nconsiderably greater in area and better in quality than now.\nTheir studies seem to conclude that forests and grass resources have","chars":1781,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0957/00075.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":377,"title":"new guide to Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0957/75","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0957/canvas/75","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0957/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0957_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}