{"book":"adl0957","page":283,"text":"228\n\naccount of cold and scarcity of supplies,\nespecially fuel. Alexander pursues Bessus across\nthe Oxus. Bessus is finally betrayed by Apita-\nmenes, commander of the Sogdian cavalry, and is\nhanded over to Alexander. He is then put to\ndeath in a most cruel and barbarous manner.\n\nAlexander advances as far as the Jaxartes,\nwhere he founds Alexandria Eschate, the\nmodern Khojend.\n\n327 B. C.\nAlexander returns to Bactria, where he begins\npreparations for the projected expedition into\nIndia.\n\n326 B. C.\nAlexander crosses the Indus into India near\nmodern Attock and receives the submission of\nAmbhi, King of Taxila (spring 326 B.C.).\nLeaving Taxila, Alexander marches towards the\nHydaspes (the Jhelum) where Porus, King of the\nPunjab, makes a bold stand. Finally he is\ndefeated and made a prisoner. Alexander,\ndisplaying generosity to the captured monarch,\nrestores him to his power. Alexander marches\nahead with the intention of attacking another\nmonarch more powerful than Porus. All his\nattempts to induce his soldiers to proceed further\nproves ineffectual. He therefore gives order for\nretreat and returns to his newly-founded cities\nof Nicae and Bucephala on the Hydaspes.\nHe sails down to the mouth of the Indus, and\nthence proceeds towards Persia through the\nburning deserts of Gedrosia (Baluchistan).","chars":1305,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0957/00283.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":377,"title":"new guide to Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0957/283","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0957/canvas/283","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0957/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0957_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}