{"book":"adl0957","page":164,"text":"123\n\nalabaster, granite, jade and coloured tiles sheathed the structural\nfabric of these monuments. The task of cutting, fitting and\nfixing mosaic faience panels took several years. Members of the\nroyal family, especially. Shah Rukh, his gifted wife Gohar Shad\nAgha and Sultain Hussain Bayaqra personally supervised these\nconstructions.\n\nIn 1417 Gohar Shad Agha ordered the construction of two\nstructures of great size and elegance. One was a Mussalah (a\nplace for public worship) located outside the city. The other\nwas a madrasa.\n\nHussain Bayaqra, in his turn, adorned his capital with\nhospitals, and other public buildings. Immediately adjacent to\nthe Mussalah of Gohar Shad Agha he built a madrasa almost one\nhundred and fifty feet high, forming a startling pattern against\nthe sky.\n\nHis minister and keeper of the royal seal, Ali Sher Nawai,\nalso contributed a good deal to the embellishment of Herat.\nThrough the efforts of these people Herat became one of the most\nbeautiful cities of the East. This is why some of historians call\nthis period \"The Renaissance of Asia\".\n\nPashto Literature. Literature in both the Persian and Pash-\nto languages had their origins during the early Muslim centuries\nPashtu was in current use during the Ghaznavid and Timurid\nperiods. Unfortunately, most of the literature is lost and only\nfragments of the earliest poems have survived in Arabic transla-\ntions. The Putteh Khazana (Secret Treasure) published in\nKhandahar in 1729 A.D., included Pashto poems of the eighth and\nninth centuries Amir Kror, called Jehan Pehlavan, a ruler of Ghor\nin the second half of the eighth century, is said to have composed\npoems in Pashto and later in the ninth century Sheikh Raza Lodi,","chars":1709,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0957/00164.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":377,"title":"new guide to Afghanistan","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0957/164","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0957/canvas/164","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0957/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0957_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}