{"book":"adl0953","page":82,"text":"٧٥\n\nتفريع :\nدر احکام شرعیه : قاضی شاهدها را تزکیه میکند . اگر یکی ازین دو مزکی برله شاهد و دیگری برعلیه شاهد سخن زد ؛ قاضی بشهادت آن شاهد حکم نمیکند .\nدر اصطلاح فقه گفتن مزکی برله وعلیه شاهد را تعدیل وجرح گویند .\n\nقاعدۀ چهل و ششم :\nچیزیکه در وجود بچیز دیگر تابع باشد ؛ درحکم نیز باو تابع میباشد .\nتفريع :\nبنا برین قاعده اگر يك شخص حیوان آبستن را بکسی میفروشد و یا بطور هبه میدهد : چوچه که در شکم این حیوان است ؛ درفروخت و یا هبه تبعاً داخل و بواسطۀ مادرش ملك مشتری و یا موهوب له میشود . و پس از فروش و یا پس از هبه و تسلیم کردن ، صاحب مال نمیتواند چوچه را پس بگیرد .\n\nتفريع :\nآنچه درحكم جزو مبیع باشد ؛ یعنی نظر بغرض خریدن آنچیز جدائی را از مبیعه قبول نکند ؛ در بیع بدون ذکر همان چیز داخل میشود . مثلا : درفروش قفل کلید داخل است .","chars":730,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00082.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/82","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/82","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}