{"book":"adl0953","page":35,"text":"- ٢٨ -\n\nتفریع : مبیع که در زمان فروش موجود نباشد ؛ آن بیع را\nبیع معدوم مینامند . بیع معدوم در اصل قاعدۀ شرع شریف\nباطلست و این قاعده ثابت بانص شرعی است . لیکن سلم\nو استصناع که عبارت است از بیع معدوم . کذا اجاره که عبارت\nاز بیع منفعت معدوم است . مطابق ایضاح فوق باید که بقاعدۀ\nبیع معدوم باطل باشد اما جائز شدن سلم و اجاره بصراحت\nنص و جو از استصناع بتعامل و اجماع امت جائز شده است .\nبناءً علی هذا احکام و معاملات سلم و اجاره و استصناع را ؛\nبسبب استثنائیت آنها از قاعدۀ اصلیه که عدم جواز بیع معدوم\nاست ؛ برای دیگر چیز مقیس علیه کرده نمیتوانیم . و گفته\nنمیتوانیم که مادام که سلم بیعی است که در آن مبیع مفقود\nاست و جائز . و میوۀ درختها را که هنوز ظاهر نیست و دیده\nنمیشود ؛ مطابق بقاعدۀ سلم میفروشیم .","chars":694,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00035.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/35","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/35","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}