{"book":"adl0953","page":27,"text":"- ۲۰ -\n\nحاکم بر علیه مدعی علیه حکم میکند . زیرا دین در زمان ماضی ثابت بوده بلادلیل مخالف بقای دین اصل و راجح است .\nشخصی از ترکه متوفی دو هزار روپیه نقد دعوی میکند و شاهدان مدعی شهادت داده میگویند که مدعی را بر ذمه مرده همان مقدار دین موجود است ، اینقدر شهادت کافی است . حاجت بصراحت این نیست که این دین بر ذمه مرده تا وقت مرگ او باقی بود . و اگر دعوی مال معین را نمود یعنی دعوی کرد که در دست متوفی مال معین من موجود بود حکم نیز بر همان منوال است .\n\nقاعده دهم :\n\nاضافت يك امر حادث بزمان نزديك آن اصل و راجح است . یعنی در زمان حدوث يك کار اختلافی پیش آمد وقوع این کار، در زمان سابق ثابت نشود ؛ وقوع این کار در زمان نزدیکتر شناخته میشود .\nتعریف : مرض موت مرضی است که در این مرض احتمال مرگ مریض زیاده است اگر مریض مرد بود ؛ از کار خارجی و اگر زن بود ؛","chars":746,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00027.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/27","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/27","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}