{"book":"adl0953","page":24,"text":"۱۷\n\nتفریع : اگر مدعی دعوی خود را به بینه ثابت میکند قاضی بر موجب بینه حکم کند و اگر ثابت نمیکند بمدعی حق سوگند دادن باقی میماند اگر میخواهد حاکم مدعی علیه را بسوگند خوردن مکلف کند .\nاگر مدعی علیه سوگند خورد و یا مدعی بمدعی علیه سوگند نداد حاکم مدعی را از معارضه بی بینه با مدعی علیه منع کند . اگر مدعی علیه از خوردن سوگند نکول کند حاکم بر موجب نکولش حکم میکند .\n\nقاعدۀ هشتم :\n\nاصل در صفتهای عارضی عدم این صفتها است . لیکن اصل در صفتهای اصلیه وجود این صفتها شناخته شده است .\nتقسیم و تعریف : صفت بر دو نوع است یکی صفات عارضه دیگر صفات اصلیه .\nصفت عارضه : مثل سود یا تجارت با فائده عیب ، علت الخ است . این قسم صفت ؛ بعد از وجود موصوف باصل موصوف طاری و عارض میشود .\nصفت اصلیه : مثل سلامت از عیب ها ، صحت ، حیات و دوشیزگی\n( بکارت ) الخ است که دراصل ـ یعنی بموصوف وجود یافته است .","chars":774,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00024.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/24","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/24","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}