{"book":"adl0953","page":154,"text":"- 145 -\n\nمباشر میباشد . چه ، فاعل مباشر با فاعل متسبب در يك فعل\nمجتمع باشند ؛ ضمان بر علیه مباشر است هر گاه در کاریکه فاعل\nمباشر موجود نباشد ؛ ضمان بر علیه متسبب است . بشرط\nآنکه کار متسبب بتجاوز صلاحیت و بطور تعدی واقع شده\nباشد ضامن میشود والا نه . زیرا تسبب آنوقت موجب ضمان\nمیشود که بتعدی باشد .\nمثال : یکی بی اذن سلطان ( حکومت ) در سرك عام چاهی\nکند و حیوان شخصی بدرون آن چاه افتاده تلف شد ؛ درینجا\nتعدی که ساختن چاه است بدون اذن سلطان موجود است .\nپس ضمان راجع است بگردن شخصی که چاه کنده است . لیکن\nاگر کسی در ملك خود چاهی کند و حیوان دیگری در میان\nآن چاه افتاد . بسبب عدم تعدی صاحب این چاه را ضمان لازم\nنمی باشد .\nتفريع :\nکسی سر حیوانی سوار بود و آن حیوان چیزی را بپای پیش و یا پس خود\nپایمال و تلف کرد . خواه آن چیز در ملك خود آن سوار باشد ؛","chars":743,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00154.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/154","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/154","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}