{"book":"adl0953","page":127,"text":"- ۱۱۸ -\n\nانکار نمود ؛ قاضی از مدعی مطابق بهمان ادعا بینـه طلب میکند . هرگاه مدعی بابینه دعوی خود را اثبات کرد ؛ خوب . قاضی بر علیه مدعی علیه حکم مینماید . و اگر مدعی نمیتواند که دعوی خود را اثبات کند ؛ بطلب مدعی مدعی علیه را سوگند میدهد . چون مدعی طلب سوگند نکرد و یا مدعی علیه سوگند خورد ؛ قاضی مدعی را از دعوی بدون بینه منع میکند .\n\nقاعدهٔ هفتاد و ششم :\n\nبینه برای ثبوت خلاف ظاهر و اصل است و یمین برای ابقای آن . بناءً علیه علی هذا کسیکه خلاف اصل و ظاهر را ادعا میکند ؛ باید که ادعای خود را با بینـه ثابت بسازد . اما کسیکه ادعای ظاهر میکند تنها سوگند میخورد . در عقد و اقرارها رضای عاقد و اقرار کننده اصل است .\nو در خصوص عاریت و وکالت تقیید و در باب کفالت و مضاربه اطلاق اصل است . اما در عقود و اقرارات کره ، یعنی بی رضاء و یا جبر در عاریت و وکالت اطلاق و در باب کفالت و مضاربه تقیید","chars":785,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00127.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/127","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/127","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}