{"book":"adl0953","page":119,"text":"- ۱۱۰ -\n\nقاعدۀ شصت ونهم :\nاشارت معهودۀ گنگ مثل بیان زبان اوست .\nتعریفها : اشارت عبارت است ؛ ازتحريك يك عضو به قصد\nچیزی . معهود چیزی است که درنزد مردم معلوم ومعروف باشد.\nاشارت معروف ؛ اگر بی زبانی خواه باسر خواه با چشم وخواه\nباید باشد ــ نظر بضرورت واحتیاج خود اشاره بکند ؛ مثل\nبیان زبان او معتبر شناخته می شود و درهمه بیع ، اجاره، هبه ورهن\nطلاق ، ابرا ، یمین ونکول از یمین ووصیت اعتبار دارد . هرگاه\nبلحاظ ضرورت ومجبوریت باشارت گنگ اعتبار نشدی هیچ\nمعاملۀ دنیویه با او ممکن نبودی .\nلیکن اقرار گنگ بحدود شرعیه معتبر نیست . زیرا اشارت\nبدل سخن است . ازین رو اشارت شبهٔ بدلیت دارد وحدود\nباشبهه ساقط میشود . ونیز شهادت گنگ مقبول نیست .\nزیرا شرط شهادت لفظ « شهادت میکنم » است که بی زبان این\nلفظ شهادت را نمی تواند ادا بکند .","chars":716,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0953/00119.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":179,"title":"Qavāʻid-i faqhīyah muṭābiq-i prūghram-i ṣinūf-i maslakī-i rushdīyah / shāriḥ-i Kamāl ʻĀṭif, bi-taṣvib-i Vizārat-i Muʻārif قواعد فقهية :قواعد فقهية","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0953/119","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0953/canvas/119","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0953/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0953_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}