{"book":"adl0950","page":116,"text":"١٠٥\n\nفصل پنجم\n\nاصلاحات مذهبی\n\nاز مهمترین واقعاتی که نیمۀ اوّل قرن شانزدهم را در تاریخ شاخص\nو برجسته نموده تغیرات مذهبی است که به رفرم (اصلاحات مذهبی)\nمعروف گردید این اصلاحات مذهبی که عمال اصلی آن ها در آلمان\nلوتر و در فرانسه کالون بودند نتائج ذیل را بخشیدند :-\nیکی مذهبی که عبارت است از قطع رشتۀ وحدت مسیحی در اروپا\nغربی و ایجاد طریقۀ لوتری - کالونی و انکلیمکانی در مقابل مذهب\nکاتولیک رم .\nدیگری سیاسی که مقصود از جنگ های داخلی آلمان و بعد جنگ های داخلی\nفرانسه در نیمۀ دوم قرن شانزدهم سپس پیدایش ممالک جدیده\nمانند دوک نشین پروس - سوئد و جمهوری ایالات متحده میباشد.\nعلل رفرم - علل رفرم متعدد بوده ولی بین تمام آنها مخصوصا دو سبب\nفوق العاده مهم هستند یکی وضعیت کلیسیا در ابتدای قرن شانزدهم","chars":687,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0950/00116.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":497,"title":"تاريخ","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0950/116","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0950/canvas/116","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0950/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0950_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}