{"book":"adl0943","page":30,"text":"علم نباتات\n۲۱\nباب دویم\nفصل اوّل\nریشه\nریشه - آن قسمت نبات است که برخلاف ساق\nنمو نماید و عموماً در زمین فرو رود - برگ از ان گاهی نمی\nروید - فصل مشترک جذر و ساقه\nرا یعنی موضعی را که ریشه در\nآنجا شروع شود و ساقه ختم گردد نمبر ۱۹\nطوق گویند در ابتدا ریشه واحد است لاکن بعد از نمو\nتغیرات مختلفه می نماید - محور آن طویل می شود که بمقابل\nساقه است و موسوم است بنام ریشه اصلی - و از ان\nریشه های دیگر منشعب می شوند که آنها را ریشه ای فرعی\nگویند - قدیم ترین از آنها نزدیک طوق واقع اند و عموماً\nنموی آنها بطریق منظم می باشد - قطارهای ریشه های\nفرعی به هر قسم نبات به تعداد معینه می باشند - که بالای","chars":583,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0943/00030.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":177,"title":"Nabātāt نباتات","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0943/30","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0943/canvas/30","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0943/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0943_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}