{"book":"adl0940","page":86,"text":"ترکستان\n۸۱\nقارا قالپاقان\nیکی از ملت های خیلی قدیمهٔ ترکستان، قارا قالپاقان اند که در امارت خیوه زندگی مینمایند. اینها از جهت نسل بترکان خزر و پیچیناک منسوب بوده، در اوایل در سواحل (ایدل) زندگی میکردند. در دور فتوحات ترک مغول آنها در مجرای پایانی آمو دریا ـ ساکن گردیده، بادهقانی و ماهیگیری گذران میکردند. قارا قالپاقان مردمان خیلی حلیم و برد باری بوده، ولی زیاده کوشان و غیور می باشند. شمارهٔ قارا قالپاقان بقدر یکصد و سی هزار نفر میباشد.\nسارتها\nقسم بزرگ سارتها در شهر های ترکستان سکونت داشته، با سوداگری و پیشه وری زندگی مینمایند. بنا بقول بعضی مؤرخین، سارتها قومی اند که از اختلاط ترک ـ اوزبکان و یا ترک ـ مغولان با ایرانیان پدید","chars":631,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0940/00086.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":383,"title":"Turkistān mutarjim Sayyid Riz̤ā ʻAlī Zādah ترکستان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0940/86","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0940/canvas/86","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0940/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0940_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}