{"book":"adl0940","page":33,"text":"ترکستان ۲۸\nکوهها\nوادی ترکستان را بنام هندوکش، پامیر- آلائ تیان شان، تاربا تاغای چهار کوههای مسلسل و تپه های چندی که حوضۀ آرال و ایرتیش را تشکیل داده، احاطه کرده اند.\nسلسله های هندوکش - کوهائی است که از حدود افغانستان گرفته، بسواحل بحر خزر منتهی میشود این کوههای مسلسل از کوههای تورکمان ، خراسان، قوپط کوره ن ، بالخان بزرگ و خورد و شاه قدم (کراسنوودسکی) عبارت است.\nاین کوهها اکثراً از گیاه و علف محروم بوده، بعضی نقطه هائیش از سطح دریا تا دو چاقریم ارتفاع دارد از میانۀ کوههای خراسان وترکمان رود تجن جاری میشود. ازین کوهها بطرف شرق جنوبی، کوههای (پارامیز) شروع میگردد.\nدر میانۀ کوههای (پارا میز) پشتۀ بلند هندوکش واقع است که معدن برفهای دائمی را تشکیل میدهد (آمو دریا از یخچالهای همین پشتۀ هندوکش حاصل میشود) .\nسلسله های پامیر - آلای - بلند ترین کوههای مسلسل","chars":757,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0940/00033.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":383,"title":"Turkistān mutarjim Sayyid Riz̤ā ʻAlī Zādah ترکستان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0940/33","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0940/canvas/33","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0940/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0940_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}