{"book":"adl0933","page":52,"text":"۴۵\n\nتمام پستاندارانی که نشخوار نمیکنند و سم دارند باستثنای خانواده اسپ همه\nدارای پوست خیلی ضخیمی هستند بنابراین این دسته را ضخیم الجلد مینامند\nه - کیسه دارها - این دسته حیوانات در زیر شکم کیسه جیب مانند دارند که\nکه بچه های خود را در هنگام خطر در ان گذارده پناه میدهند معروفترین آنها کانگور\nدارنیترنینگ و ساریک میباشند\n\nحیوانات کیسه دار\n\nطیور\n۱- تعریف طیور- طیور عموماً دارای یک نول شاخی دووبال و دو پا میباشند\nبدن آنها از پرهای زیاد مستور و تخم میگذارند\nتخم طیور مرکب است از سفیده و زرده که روی آنها را پوست حجری که از مادۀ آهکی است\nمیپوشاند\n\nه - کیسه دارها را بیان کنید ؟ ۱ - طیور را تعریف کنید ؟","chars":597,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0933/00052.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":163,"title":"ʻIlm al-ashyā : bar̄-yi jamāʻat-i sāl-i panjum va shishum makātib-i ibtidāʻi علم الاشىا : برى جماعت سال پنجم و ششم مکاتب ابتداع","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0933/52","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0933/canvas/52","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0933/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0933_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}