{"book":"adl0933","page":38,"text":"۳۱\nبعضی از پستاندارها انگشتان شان منتهی بناخن یا چنگال و بعضی دیگر منتهی بیک سم\nشاخي میگردد\nپای گاو پای سگ پنجه گربه دست انسان\nپستاندار های ناخن دار و چنگال دار بر چند دسته تقسیم میشوند :\nاول انسان و میمون\nدوم آنهائیکه صاحب طواحن نوک تیز و حشرات خوار میباشند\nسوم حیواناتیکه انیاب ندارند و مواد نباتی را میجاوند آنها را قراضه مینامند\nچهارم حیواناتیکه انیاب نوک تیز و طواحن برنده دارند و غذای آنها منحصر\nبگوشت است (گوشتخواران)\nپستاندار های سم دار را که عموماً علف میخورند بر دو دسته تقسیم میکنند:\nاول حیواناتیکه انیاب ندارند و نشخوار میکنند یعنی غذا های بلع شده را مجدداً بدهان","chars":575,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0933/00038.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":163,"title":"ʻIlm al-ashyā : bar̄-yi jamāʻat-i sāl-i panjum va shishum makātib-i ibtidāʻi علم الاشىا : برى جماعت سال پنجم و ششم مکاتب ابتداع","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0933/38","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0933/canvas/38","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0933/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0933_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}