{"book":"adl0933","page":144,"text":"۱۳۷\nدستگاه تلگراف را اختراع نموده اند که باعث سهولت مخابرات میشود\nاساس تلگراف بسیار ساده است فرض میکنیم مفتول (سیم) فلزی از قطب\nمثبت پیلی که در کابل باشد تا قندهار امتداد یافته در آنجا روی آهن نعلی شکل\nپیچید بطوریکه یک مقناطیس الکتریکی در قندهار درست نماید و بعد از آنجا مراجعت\nنموده منتهی شود بقطب منفی پیل کابل\n\nنمایش اساس تلگراف\n\nو نیز فرض میکنیم که در بالای مقناطیس الکتریکی قندهار اهر می در افجه، باشد از آهن\nکه یک انتهای آن بتوسط یک فرد یک تیغه مسافت کمی از مقناطیس ایستاده باشد\nحال گوئیم اگر در کابل دو انتهای مفتول مذکور با قطبین پیل مربوط نماید معلوم است\nجریان الکتریسته داخل مفتول شده آهن نعلی قندهار را مقناطیس میکند چون","chars":631,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0933/00144.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":163,"title":"ʻIlm al-ashyā : bar̄-yi jamāʻat-i sāl-i panjum va shishum makātib-i ibtidāʻi علم الاشىا : برى جماعت سال پنجم و ششم مکاتب ابتداع","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0933/144","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0933/canvas/144","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0933/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0933_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}