{"book":"adl0933","page":133,"text":"۱۳۶\nطوفان - برق - رعد - برقهائی که در هنگام طوفان هوا مشاهده مینمائیم\nاز اتحاد دو الکتریسته مختلف حاصل میشوند مانند جرقه های که مقدمةً بیان نمودیم\nعلمای عصر حاضر قائل شدند که هوای محیط دارای الکتریسته مثبت و زمین\nدارای الکتریسته منفی است پس میتوان گفت ابر هائی که در هوا پراگنده شده دارای\nالکتریسته مثبت یا منفی میشوند بنا بر انکه در مجاورت زمین یا در ارتفاع معینی از هوا\nتشکیل یافته باشند\nوقتیکه ابر های الکتریسته شده مختلف بیکدیگر نزدیک شوند تولید برق مینمایند و نیز\nممکن است مابین ابر و اشیای زمینی برق حادث شود در این صورت میگویند این اشیا را\nبرق زده است صدای رعدی که ما میشنویم همان صدای خشکی است که همراه جرقه\nمعمولی است و در پیش بیان نمودیم\nبرق در رعد","chars":658,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0933/00133.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":163,"title":"ʻIlm al-ashyā : bar̄-yi jamāʻat-i sāl-i panjum va shishum makātib-i ibtidāʻi علم الاشىا : برى جماعت سال پنجم و ششم مکاتب ابتداع","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0933/133","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0933/canvas/133","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0933/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0933_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}