{"book":"adl0610","page":60,"text":"٥٩\n\nس - کسوف حلقه وی چیست ؟\nج - رأس ظل مخروطی یعنی نوك سایه قمر\nبعضا به کره ارض ؛ نمی رسد . لہذا\nمخلوق زمین که به استقامت رأس مذکور\nاست مرکز قرص شمس را نمی بینند .\nچرا که کره قمر در میان است . مگر قمر\nنسبت به کره شمس ؛ چون خیلی ریزه تر\nاست شمس را کاملا پت کرده نمی تواند .\nو لہذا دورا دور شمس ؛ مثل حلقه\nدیده میشود . کیفیت مذکور را ( کسوف\nحلقه وی ) مینامند .\nس - آیا قمر در چندم ماه ؛ مابین شمس و\nارض میباشد ؟\nج - در هر اجتماع یعنی در هر اول ماه قمری .\nس - پس ؛ میباید که در هر اول ماه قمری ؛\nکسوف واقع شود . حال آنکه چنین\nنیست . آیا سبب آن چیست ؟\nج - سبب آن اینست : ظل مخروطی قمر","chars":580,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0610/00060.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":145,"title":"Jughrāfī̄yā-yi ʻumūmī-yi ibtidāʼi barā-yi shāgirdān-i makātib-i rashdiyah-ʼi ʻaskarīya-ʼi Afghānistān جغرافياى عمومى ابتدائى براى شاگردان مکاتب رشديۀ عسکريۀ افغانستان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0610/60","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0610/canvas/60","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0610/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0610_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}