{"book":"adl0610","page":31,"text":"٣٠\n\nمینامند .\nس — دوائر نصف النهار و یا دوائر طول\nکرۀ ارض را چه گونه تقسیم نموده‌اند ؟\nج — چنانکه خط استوا کرۀ ارض را به دو\nنصف یعنی به نصف کرۀ شمالی و نصف\nکرۀ جنوبی ؛ تقسیم نموده است هکذا\nهر دائرۀ نصف النهار نیز کرۀ ارض را\nبه ۲ نصف ؛ تقسیم کرده است : نصف\nکرۀ شرقی و نصف کرۀ غربی .\nس — در خریطه‌ها دوائر طول و عرض\nکدام اند ؟\nج — خطهائیکه از شرق خریطه تا غرب آن\nکشیده میباشند دوائر عرض است . و\nخطهائیکه از شمال خریطه تا جنوب آن\nرفته است دوائر طول میباشد .","chars":454,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0610/00031.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":145,"title":"Jughrāfī̄yā-yi ʻumūmī-yi ibtidāʼi barā-yi shāgirdān-i makātib-i rashdiyah-ʼi ʻaskarīya-ʼi Afghānistān جغرافياى عمومى ابتدائى براى شاگردان مکاتب رشديۀ عسکريۀ افغانستان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0610/31","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0610/canvas/31","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0610/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0610_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}