{"book":"adl0610","page":26,"text":"٢٥\n\nاز میانه کره ارض بگذرد و هر دو نهایت آن\nبه سطح ارض ؛ منتهی باشد آنرا\n(محور ارض) میگویند.\nس - مرکز ارض کدام است ؟\nج - نقطه منتصف محور ارض را گویند.\nس - قطب چیست ؟\nج - هر یکی از دو انجام محور ارض را (قطب) ؛\nو هر دو را (قطبین) میگویند. قطب\nفوقانی را (قطب شمالی) و تحتانی را\n(قطب جنوبی) مینامند.\nس - قطب سماء کدام است ؟\nج - هرگاه محور ارض را خیالاً از هر دو\nجانب ؛ باستقامتش تمدید کنیم البته کره\nسما را به ۲ جای ؛ قطع میکند.\nهر یکی از همین ۲ تقاطع را (قطب سمائی)\nمیگویند. یکی را (قطب شمالی سماء) و\nدیگر را (قطب جنوبی سماء) مینامند.\nس - خط استوا و یا دائرۀ استوا چیست ؟","chars":568,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0610/00026.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":145,"title":"Jughrāfī̄yā-yi ʻumūmī-yi ibtidāʼi barā-yi shāgirdān-i makātib-i rashdiyah-ʼi ʻaskarīya-ʼi Afghānistān جغرافياى عمومى ابتدائى براى شاگردان مکاتب رشديۀ عسکريۀ افغانستان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0610/26","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0610/canvas/26","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0610/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0610_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}