{"book":"adl0610","page":25,"text":"٢٤\nطور است ؟\nج – طرف بالای خریطه (شمال) و طرف\nپایان آن (جنوب) و طرف راست\nآن (شرق) و طرف چپ آن\n(غرب) است .\n\nدوائر ارض\n\nس – حرکت محوریه ؛ و محور ارض چیست ؟\nج – هر گاه يك سوزن دراز را ؛ از میانه يك\nنارنج ؛ چنین بخلا نیم که نوك آن از نقطه مقابل\nبر آید . بعده هر دو نوك سوزن را گرفته\nنارنج را باطراف سوزن دور بدهیم\nهمین دور خوردن نارنج را (حرکت\nمحوریه) و خود سوزن را (محور)\nمیگویند .\nهمچنان ؛ آن خط مستقیم خیالی که","chars":409,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0610/00025.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":145,"title":"Jughrāfī̄yā-yi ʻumūmī-yi ibtidāʼi barā-yi shāgirdān-i makātib-i rashdiyah-ʼi ʻaskarīya-ʼi Afghānistān جغرافياى عمومى ابتدائى براى شاگردان مکاتب رشديۀ عسکريۀ افغانستان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0610/25","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0610/canvas/25","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0610/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0610_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}