{"book":"adl0568","page":317,"text":"( ٤٠ )\nدين وبالعموم رعايا و برايا اوزر لرندن دورو مهجور\nبيوله ميسون . امين\n\nکاشف امریکا\nکرستاف كولمبس\n\nازجمله مشاهیر عالم که در دورهٔ حیات محض ایفای\nوظیفهٔ انسانیت متحمل مشاق متکاثره گردیده بعد از\nوفات خودها صفحات تاریخ را بنام سامی خودها متزین\nوصیت شهرت و دبدبه را بلسان مردمان دنیا انداخته اند.\nیکی از انها کاشف امریکه کریستاف کولمبس است\nهر چند که در تاریخ تولدش روایات مختلفه ایراد شده اما\nکثرت آرا تولدش را به سنه ١٤٣٦ میلادی در شهر\nجنوای ایتالیا قبول کرده اند .\nپدرش دامی نی کولمبو هوسکار تعلیم و تربیه پسر خود\nگردیده به ( پاویا ) که در آنوقت مرکز معارف اتالیا\nبود روانه اش داشت كولمبس در انجا تا بسن چهارده\nمداومت کرده چون میلان طبیعتش بسوی جهانرانی\nو سفرهای بحری راغب بود از انرو ختم بر تعلیم داد","chars":703,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0568/00317.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":597,"title":"Muʻarrif-i maʻārif معرف معارف","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0568/317","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0568/canvas/317","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0568/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0568_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}