{"book":"adl0311","page":83,"text":"جغرافیه طبیعی افریقا\n۸۰\n\nجبال\n\nوَاَلْقىٰ فِى الْاَرْضِ رَوَاسِیَ اَنْ تَمِیْدَ بِكُمْ\nوَبَثَّ فِیْهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ ط\n\nترجمه :- و همان ذات قادریست که لنگرهای کوه‌ها\nرا در زمین انداخت. مبادا زمین شما را گرفته ـ بکدام\nطرف میل کند و در ان هر نوع حیوان را منتشر ساخت.\n\nتشکیل سطح زمین :- ماهران علم طبقات الارض\nبنا بر تجربات و مشاهدات فرض کرده اند که بدواً زمین\nجرمی بوده گداخته و بحال بخار این پاره آتش سرد\nشده رفت و بمرور زمان یک قشر صلب خاکی بر روی\nآن تشکیل یافت. و متدرجاً غلظت و صلابت پوست\nمذکور زیاده شده رفت. پر ظاهر است که عموماً اجسام\nاز برودت منقبض می شوند پس در زمین هم انقباض\nواقع شد در بعضی مقامات سطح زمین کمتر و در بعضی\nزیاد تر، جبال و شرف ها پیدا شدند جوفها از آب پُر\nگشتند ابحار شدند و قطعات بلند کوه ها و میدانها گردیدند\nما در کانهای عمیق و حفریاف افزونی تدریجی حرارت را","chars":789,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0311/00083.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":125,"title":"Jughrāfiyā-yi ṭabʻī va Afrīqā جغرافياى طبعى و افريقا","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0311/83","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0311/canvas/83","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0311/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0311_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}