{"book":"adl0311","page":51,"text":"جغرافیه طبیعی د اریائی ۴۸\n\nدر مواسم هیچ تغیر و تبدل واقع نمی شد. لیکن چنین نیست\nچرا که بتابستان در نصف کرۀ شمالی روز ها از شب ها\nدراز تر می باشد. و در زمستان شب ها از روز ها دراز تر\nو در نصف کرۀ جنوبی برعکس این لهذا محور زمین بر خط\nمدار زاویه قائمه نمی سازد.\n(۲)۰ اگر محور زمین برخط مدار افقی می بود بآن قوت\nنصف کرۀ ارض روز غیر متناهی می داشت و نصف دیگر\nشب یلدای ابدی . لیکن ظاهر است که چنین هم نیست.\n\nآفتاب\nقطب شمالی\nاستوا\nقطب جنوبی\n\nحالا واضح و لائح گردید که محور زمین بر خط مدار نه\nعمودی و نه افقی، لاجرم محور زمین بخط مدار مائل\nخواهد بود-\n(۳)۰ اگر محور زمین همیشه سوئی آفتاب مائل می بود\nبر قطب شمالی ابداً روز بودی . و بر قطب جنوبی","chars":635,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0311/00051.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":125,"title":"Jughrāfiyā-yi ṭabʻī va Afrīqā جغرافياى طبعى و افريقا","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0311/51","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0311/canvas/51","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0311/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0311_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}