{"book":"adl0311","page":34,"text":"۳۱\nجغرافیه طبیعی د افریقا\n\n{گرفتگی ماهتاب را خسوف می نامند}\nگرفتگیها محض بوقت هلال و بدر بظهور می رسند چرا که درین دو وقت آفتاب و زمین و ماهتاب بیک خط مستقیم می آیند ما بهر هلال یا بدر ازین سبب کسوف و خسوف نمی بینیم که ماهتاب گاهی از بالا و گاهی از پایان خطیکه زمین و آفتاب را پیوسته می کند می گذرد. اگر سطح مدار ماهتاب با سطح مدار زمین اتصال می داشت البته بهر محاق کسوف و بهر بدر خسوف وقوع می پذیرفت لکن چنین دیده نمی شود زیراکه سطح مدار ماهتاب به سطح مدار زمین ۵ میلان دارد !\n\nجغرافیه طبیعی د افریقا رباطی\nMeer Aga\nMeer Aga\nMeer Aga\nMeer Aga","chars":543,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0311/00034.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":125,"title":"Jughrāfiyā-yi ṭabʻī va Afrīqā جغرافياى طبعى و افريقا","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0311/34","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0311/canvas/34","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0311/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0311_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}