{"book":"adl0311","page":18,"text":"۱۵\nجغرافیه طبیعی دافریقا\n\nسمت الرجل :- آن نقطه است که عیناً زیر پا های ما باشد ضد سمت الراس .\nافق :- هرگاه ما ایستاده باشیم چنان تصور می کنیم که از تمام اطراف آسمان با زمین اتصال دارد - پس محل اتصال دائره است که آن را افق گویند .\nکهکشان یا مجره :- یک راه سفیدی در آسمان است که از اجتماع ستارگان خورد خورد تشکیل یافته و از افق تا افق ممتد است .\nتا حدیکه انکشافات این وقت رسیده هشت سیاره بدور آفتاب می گردند - و خیلی عجیب است که هر یکی ازینها مدار بیضوی شکل را طی می نماید و از مغرب طرف مشرق حرکت می کند - طوریکه حرکت انتقالی ماهتاب بدور زمین از غرب سوی شرق است و نیز هر یکی گردش محوری دارد - اسامی سیارات بترتیب قرب شمس از قرار ذیل است عطارد ، زهره ، زمین ، مریخ، مشتری ، زحل ، او را نوس ، پنتون !","chars":696,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0311/00018.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":125,"title":"Jughrāfiyā-yi ṭabʻī va Afrīqā جغرافياى طبعى و افريقا","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0311/18","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0311/canvas/18","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0311/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0311_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}